Сovid-19

COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by a new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus which had not previously been detected in humans.

The viral infection leads to the development of a respiratory flu-like disease with symptoms such as cough and fever. In more severe cases pneumonia can develop. The average incubation period of the COVID-19 is 6.5 days, but it can range from 3 to 21 days.

SARS-CoV-2 is an RNA-virus with a specific envelope with spikes in the form of a “corona”. The main structural proteins of the virus include envelope protein (E), membrane protein (M), spike (S) glycoprotein, and nucleocapsid (N) protein. S protein on the surface of the SARS-CoV-2 virion mediates the receptor recognition and cell membrane fusion with ACE2 molecules, which are mainly expressed on type II pneumocytes, colon and kidney epithelial cells. It contains three fragments, namely the ectodomain, the transmembrane domain and the short intracellular segment. The ectodomain consists of a receptor-binding subunit S1 containing the RBD domain and a fusion subunit (S2). During viral infection, S1 C-terminal domain binds to the extracellular peptidase (PD) domain of ACE2 to ensure that the virus attaches to the surface of the target cell. The S1 N-terminal domain binds to glycans causing the cleavage of S protein between S1 and S2 fragments by cellular proteases, which, in turn, initiates the fusion of viral and cell membranes by the S2 subunit.

Although most viral proteins are able to induce the production of specific antibodies after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and antibodies to N- and S-protein are widely used in the serological diagnosis of COVID-19, antibodies targeting viral S-protein are more noteworthy because they can block SARS-CoV-2 entry into the host cells. And since most vaccines induce antibodies to the spike protein the determination of IgG specific to this antigen also makes it possible to assess the presence of protective antibodies after the disease or vaccination against COVID-19

COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by a new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus which had not previously been detected in humans.

The viral infection leads to the development of a respiratory flu-like disease with symptoms such as cough and fever. In more severe cases pneumonia can develop. The average incubation period of the COVID-19 is 6.5 days, but it can range from 3 to 21 days.

SARS-CoV-2 is an RNA-virus with a specific envelope with spikes in the form of a “corona”. The main structural proteins of the virus include envelope protein (E), membrane protein (M), spike (S) glycoprotein, and nucleocapsid (N) protein. S protein on the surface of the SARS-CoV-2 virion mediates the receptor recognition and cell membrane fusion with ACE2 molecules, which are mainly expressed on type II pneumocytes, colon and kidney epithelial cells. It contains three fragments, namely the ectodomain, the transmembrane domain and the short intracellular segment. The ectodomain consists of a receptor-binding subunit S1 containing the RBD domain and a fusion subunit (S2). During viral infection, S1 C-terminal domain binds to the extracellular peptidase (PD) domain of ACE2 to ensure that the virus attaches to the surface of the target cell. The S1 N-terminal domain binds to glycans causing the cleavage of S protein between S1 and S2 fragments by cellular proteases, which, in turn, initiates the fusion of viral and cell membranes by the S2 subunit.

Although most viral proteins are able to induce the production of specific antibodies after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and antibodies to N- and S-protein are widely used in the serological diagnosis of COVID-19, antibodies targeting viral S-protein are more noteworthy because they can block SARS-CoV-2 entry into the host cells. And since most vaccines induce antibodies to the spike protein the determination of IgG specific to this antigen also makes it possible to assess the presence of protective antibodies after the disease or vaccination against COVID-19

COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by a new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus which had not previously been detected in humans.

The viral infection leads to the development of a respiratory flu-like disease with symptoms such as cough and fever. In more severe cases pneumonia can develop. The average incubation period of the COVID-19 is 6.5 days, but it can range from 3 to 21 days.

SARS-CoV-2 is an RNA-virus with a specific envelope with spikes in the form of a “corona”. The main structural proteins of the virus include envelope protein (E), membrane protein (M), spike (S) glycoprotein, and nucleocapsid (N) protein. S protein on the surface of the SARS-CoV-2 virion mediates the receptor recognition and cell membrane fusion with ACE2 molecules, which are mainly expressed on type II pneumocytes, colon and kidney epithelial cells. It contains three fragments, namely the ectodomain, the transmembrane domain and the short intracellular segment. The ectodomain consists of a receptor-binding subunit S1 containing the RBD domain and a fusion subunit (S2). During viral infection, S1 C-terminal domain binds to the extracellular peptidase (PD) domain of ACE2 to ensure that the virus attaches to the surface of the target cell. The S1 N-terminal domain binds to glycans causing the cleavage of S protein between S1 and S2 fragments by cellular proteases, which, in turn, initiates the fusion of viral and cell membranes by the S2 subunit.

Although most viral proteins are able to induce the production of specific antibodies after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and antibodies to N- and S-protein are widely used in the serological diagnosis of COVID-19, antibodies targeting viral S-protein are more noteworthy because they can block SARS-CoV-2 entry into the host cells. And since most vaccines induce antibodies to the spike protein the determination of IgG specific to this antigen also makes it possible to assess the presence of protective antibodies after the disease or vaccination against COVID-19